Bidirectional Dynamic Diversity Evolutionary Algorithm for Constrained Optimization

Table 1

Comparison of optimal results across Rastrigin.

Function	Times	GA	PSO	PL-DDEA	Bi-DDEA
Rastrigin	1	0.1833	0	0.0000	0.0000
	2	0.0093	0	0.0000	0.0000
	3	0.0136	0	0.0000	0.0000
	4	0.0216	0	0.0000	0.0000
	5	0.0411	0	0.0000	0.0000
	6	0.0008	0	0.0000	0.0000
	7	0.0025	0	0.0000	0.0000
	8	0.0747	0	0.0000	0.0000
	9	0.0450	0	0.0000	0.0000
	10	0.0394	0	0.0000	0.0000
	Mean	0.0431	0	0.0000	0.0000