An Improved Ant Colony Algorithm and Its Application in Vehicle Routing Problem

Table 3

Parameter settings.

	𝛼	𝛽	𝛾	𝜌 (or 𝑃𝑐)	𝑞0 (or 𝑃𝑚)	NC_max	𝑄	𝑚
GA	∼	∼	∼	0.8	0.08	50	100	5
ACS	l	2	∼	0.7	0.8	50	100	5
Literature [15]	0.1	2	15	0.1	0.9	50	100	5
Literature [20]	1	1	∼	0.2	0.9	50	100	5
This paper	1	1	17	0.15	0.05	50	100	5