Stability Analysis of Two-Segment Stepped Columns with Different End Conditions and Internal Axial Loads

Figure 4

VIM results for 𝛽 values for two-segment stepped columns with clamped-clamped (C-C) ends for different values of load ratio (m), stiffness ratio (n), and length ratio (s).

(a) 𝑛=1

(b) 𝑛=1.33

(c) 𝑛=2

(d) 𝑛=4