Mixed Static and Dynamic Optimization of Four-Parameter Functionally Graded Completely Doubly Curved and Degenerate Shells and Panels Using GDQ Method

Figure 4

Six different types of FGM shells and panels: (a) rectangular plate (degenerate panel), (b) cylindrical panel (singly curved panel), (c) conical shell (singly curved shell), (d) toroidal shell panel (doubly curved shell panel of revolution), (e) catenoidal panel (doubly curved panel of revolution), and (f) elliptic paraboloid (completely doubly curved panel).

(a)

(b)

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(d)

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(f)