Factor of Safety Reduction Factors for Accounting for Progressive Failure for Earthen Levees with Underlying Thin Layers of Sensitive Soils

Table 1

Material parameters used in limit equilibrium analyses.

Material	Soil model	𝛾sat (kN/m^3)	𝛾unsat (kN/m^3)	Undrained shear strength (kPa)
Embankment	Undrained (𝜑=0)	18.1	16.5	43.1
Foundation clay	Undrained (𝜑=0)	17.6	15.7	Varied: 35.9–47.8^a
Thin layer material	Undrained (𝜑=0)	18.1	16.5	Varied: 14.4–19.1^a

aThese strengths were varied throughout the parametric analysis. See Table 3 and Figures 3 and 4 for strengths used within range.