A Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Multimodal Functions and Its Application in Multicircle Detection

Table 7

𝑃 values produced by Wilcoxons test comparing CAB to GA and BFOA over the averaged ME from Table 2.

Image	𝑃 value
	CAB versus GA	CAB versus BFOA
Synthetic images
(a)	1.8061𝑒−004	1.8288𝑒−004
(b)	1.7454𝑒−004	1.9011𝑒−004
(c)	1.7981𝑒−004	1.8922𝑒−004
Natural images
(a)	1.7788𝑒−004	1.8698𝑒−004
(b)	1.6989𝑒−004	1.9124𝑒−004
(c)	1.7012𝑒−004	1.9081𝑒−004