Simultaneous-Fault Diagnosis of Automotive Engine Ignition Systems Using Prior Domain Knowledge and Relevance Vector Machine

Table 1

Sample single faults of engine trouble reflected by ignition patterns.

Case number	Symptom or possible cause
1	Retarded ignition timing
2	High resistance in secondary circuit
3	Partially broken spark-plug cable
4	Defective spark plug
5	Narrow spark-plug gap
6	Misfire due to extremely lean mixture
7	Carbon fouled in spark plug
8	Engine knock
9	Rich mixture
10	Wide spark-plug gap