An Effective Recommender Algorithm for Cold-Start Problem in Academic Social Networks

Table 3

Cold-start problem situations in different recommender algorithms.

Recommender algorithms	Cold-start problem
	New items	New users
Random	NA	NA
Collaborative	✗	✗
Content-based	✓	✗
ECSN	✓	✓

NA: not applicable.
✗: problem exists.
✓: problem is solved.