Modeling and Optimization for Piercing Efficiency and Energy Consumption Based on Mean Value Substaged KELM-PLS and GA Method

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="132654.fig.001a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2014/132654/figures/132654.fig.001a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b>The start of the primary unstable piercing stage</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="132654.fig.001b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2014/132654/figures/132654.fig.001b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b>The end of the primary unstable piercing stage</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><img alt="132654.fig.001c" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2014/132654/figures/132654.fig.001c.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(c) </b>The end of the stable piercing stage</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="d"><td><img alt="132654.fig.001d" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2014/132654/figures/132654.fig.001d.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(d) </b>The end of the secondary unstable piercing stage</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<table>Definition of the parts for piercing process.</table>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Modeling and Optimization for Piercing Efficiency and Energy Consumption Based on Mean Value Substaged KELM-PLS and GA Method 