Accurate Fault Classifier and Locator for EHV Transmission Lines Based on Artificial Neural Networks

<table>Test result of FL<sub>3</sub> during <svg height="11.3125" id="M382" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.075 11.3125" width="11.075" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>-<svg height="11.75" id="M383" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.4375 11.75" width="12.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg> fault with <svg height="18.362499" id="M384" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 81.912498 18.362499" width="81.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.75,11.113)"><path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,37.437,11.113)"><path d="M447 623l8 -12l-283 -613l-74 -10l-7 11q174 283 297 551h-216q-48 0 -62.5 -12t-33.5 -63h-29q10 60 18 148h382z" id="x37"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,45.596,11.113)"><path d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8
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</svg>, <svg height="18.612499" id="M385" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 78.9375 18.612499" width="78.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><path d="M627 18l-10 -26q-79 6 -116 27t-69 76q-41 71 -71 138q-13 29 -27.5 39t-42.5 10h-46l-27 -145q-13 -74 -2.5 -88.5t78.5 -20.5l-6 -28h-271l5 28q66 6 82.5 21.5t30.5 87.5l71 387q12 66 2 78.5t-77 19.5l8 28h233q102 0 147 -29q65 -43 65 -129q0 -69 -45.5 -117
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</svg>, and FIA = 10°.</table>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

fig10

Figure 10

Figure 10: Accurate Fault Classifier and Locator for EHV Transmission Lines Based on Artificial Neural Networks 