Research Article
Accurate Fault Classifier and Locator for EHV Transmission Lines Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Table 4
Results of the fault type classifier using single and modular ANN (FC1 and FC2).
| Fault type | Fault location (Km) | Fault inception angle (°) | Fault resistance () | Network | Desired output | Actual output | A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D |
| | 12 | 25 | 0 | Single ANN | | | | | 1.1112 | 0.1281 | 0.1187 | 0.9287 | Modular ANN | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.0013 | −0.0071 | 0.0004 | 1.0005 | 94 | 225 | 199 | Single ANN | 0.9051 | 0.1266 | 0.1108 | 1.1290 | Modular ANN | | | | | 1.0071 | −0.0003 | 0.0037 | 1.0085 |
| - | 12 | 25 | 0 | Single ANN | | | | | −0.0784 | 0.1420 | 1.1128 | 1.2940 | Modular ANN | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.0021 | −0.0041 | 1.0093 | 0.9941 | 94 | 225 | 199 | Single ANN | 0.1328 | −0.1007 | 1.2871 | 1.1008 | Modular ANN | | | | | −0.0074 | −0.0032 | 1.0078 | 0.9814 |
| -- | 12 | 25 | 0 | Single ANN | | | | | 1.1850 | 0.9072 | 0.0088 | 0.9653 | Modular ANN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1.0085 | 1.0066 | −0.0042 | 1.1473 | 94 | 225 | 199 | Single ANN | 1.0951 | 0.9552 | 0.1178 | 1.1008 | Modular ANN | | | | | 1.0082 | 1.0077 | −0.0004 | 0.9993 |
| -- | 12 | 25 | 0 | Single ANN | | | | | 0.1136 | 1.0951 | 0.9867 | 1.1000 | Modular ANN | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | −0.0031 | 0.9972 | 1.0007 | 1.0081 | 94 | 225 | 199 | Single ANN | 0.1807 | 1.1009 | 1.1150 | 1.087 | Modular ANN | | | | | −0.0001 | 1.0023 | 1.0744 | 1.0003 |
| -- | 12 | 25 | — | Single ANN | | | | | 0.9962 | 1.1007 | 1.1105 | −0.1042 | Modular ANN | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1.0087 | 1.0025 | 0.9992 | 0.0035 | 94 | 225 | — | Single ANN | 0.9198 | 0.9289 | 1.1008 | −0.1008 | Modular ANN | | | | | 1.0008 | 1.0036 | 1.0089 | 0.0429 |
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