Research Article

A Genetic Algorithm-Based Approach for Single-Machine Scheduling with Learning Effect and Release Time

Table 1

The performance of the branch- and-bound and genetic algorithms.

a Branch- and-bound algorithmGA1GA2GA3GA4
Node CPU timeOFError percentage
Mean Max Mean Max Mean Max Mean Max Mean Max Mean Max

12−0.051/ 423850.0031 0.0156 200.08581.71510.00000.00000.04010.80130.00000.0000
0.25 54917810.0187 0.0624 200.10552.10910.01420.28390.00000.00000.00000.0000
0.50 47311890.0140 0.0312 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
0.75 41410130.0125 0.0312 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
1.00 56924270.0164 0.0624 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
−0.101/ 624880.0023 0.0156 200.16462.05680.16172.05680.00000.00000.00000.0000
0.25 104743180.0312 0.1092 200.00440.08780.00440.08780.02830.56650.00000.0000
0.50 48013210.0140 0.0468 200.00000.00000.06841.36760.00190.03730.00000.0000
0.75 78652910.0203 0.1404 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
1.00 39613820.0125 0.0468 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
−0.151/ 21710.0016 0.0156 200.02060.41300.00000.00000.03600.41300.00000.0000
0.25 81743630.0226 0.0936 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.12282.45670.00000.0000
0.50 49319690.0148 0.0624 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
0.75 2868030.0094 0.0312 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
1.00 41712590.0117 0.0312 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
−0.201/ 473360.0023 0.0156 200.12952.58960.12952.58960.00030.00690.00000.0000
0.25 109166890.0289 0.1560 200.01060.21190.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
0.50 3379480.0109 0.0312 200.03140.62840.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
0.75 45211210.0117 0.0312 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
1.00 31913870.0086 0.0312 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000

16−0.051/ 743650.0078 0.0312 200.20663.45180.22022.77430.11141.21630.06081.2163
0.25 393251058472.0108 5.8188 200.45225.30710.14791.75480.06210.46290.03090.3126
0.50 187791074880.8697 4.4616 200.00520.10350.09351.69830.08491.69830.00000.0000
0.75 229672905740.9259 10.2025 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
1.00 5144342600.2535 1.5288 200.00410.08110.01150.23060.00000.00000.00000.0000
−0.101/ 913230.0086 0.0312 200.18133.49580.23682.79570.19061.90300.00000.0000
0.25 532372916542.5826 12.7297 200.31512.53930.28242.16060.19182.16060.12712.1606
0.50 150221939680.6778 8.1277 200.06161.03050.01540.30880.01540.30880.00000.0000
0.75 151441971960.6474 8.0029 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00060.01200.00000.0000
1.00 340398750.1794 0.4992 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
−0.151/ 11813680.0101 0.1092 200.24624.51830.04310.66190.01030.20680.00000.0000
0.25 521854846622.2994 19.0165 200.07620.83190.32123.75070.09691.01910.04180.8319
0.50 178081015030.8221 4.6020 200.07400.76680.03560.67730.05740.67730.03390.6773
0.75 3763164530.1997 0.8112 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00670.13430.00000.0000
1.00 3882144110.1911 0.7020 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
−0.201/ 2008280.0172 0.0624 200.18322.67810.33971.76600.36442.24200.00000.0000
0.25 258811499251.1224 5.3664 200.01400.27720.02990.46140.00980.19220.00020.0034
0.50 11829482840.5819 2.3556 200.00000.00000.00720.14310.00000.00000.00000.0000
0.75 2687123820.1427 0.5928 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
1.00 204752580.1076 0.2340 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000

20−0.051/ 822780.0156 0.0624 201.62687.40280.35386.95620.01130.22650.00000.0000
0.25 13191114407360105.9941 322.4697 200.78032.95100.59283.28150.87004.22050.24801.5709
0.50 963361998347561.8895 568.7017 200.03770.40160.16081.74640.22241.57080.00330.0510
0.75 323776251800122.9485 183.1606 200.00220.04460.00000.00000.00270.04460.00000.0000
1.00 411881389553.3642 11.1072 200.00170.03380.00170.03380.00000.00000.00000.0000
−0.101/ 1345141230.1716 1.7317 200.67073.49580.46902.87870.43533.49580.00000.0000
0.25 213470716978059154.3318 1204.4214 200.38452.31750.18480.67980.35362.19790.04600.2909
0.50 202434132036315.6266 102.4927 200.00000.00000.00450.07860.00000.00000.00000.0000
0.75 677334502975.5645 34.5229 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
1.00 309282383892.6192 18.5483 200.00230.04620.00000.00000.00230.04620.00000.0000
−0.151/ 29322240.0429 0.2964 200.16701.30880.18452.93450.18352.93450.00000.0000
0.25 15391387544291103.9052 497.0186 200.46852.97380.18761.05820.26901.91340.05440.9353
0.50 235214273757916.9066 192.0840 200.00460.09230.00320.06410.00730.12840.00000.0000
0.75 569012818224.5716 22.5576 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
1.00 17992515291.5163 3.6973 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
−0.201/ 69848250.0991 0.6240 200.24361.57810.42394.04260.22241.57810.19271.5781
0.25 434800664668017275.0735 4000.4590 200.15961.41180.05490.29680.27652.18690.02030.2249
0.50 1072016758118.0878 47.6895 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00580.11550.00000.0000
0.75 315291638542.5990 11.0918 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
1.00 15118638451.3198 4.9453 200.00000.00000.00160.03240.00160.03180.00000.0000

24−0.05
1/ 47820820.1248 0.4836 200.47073.90030.20172.09900.13681.81180.09591.8118
0.25 43205517875044445233.8760 10604.3535 130.49912.14180.60321.90320.46072.02650.22831.3231
0.50 11780220661917831305.4869 6594.8027 190.07581.04560.03130.23630.13341.04560.01610.2363
0.75 12168674261994156.2529 470.8125 200.00560.11260.01980.33590.01740.18710.00000.0000
1.00 8884755439067114.4057 692.4417 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
−0.101/ 1074120500.2496 2.6364 200.73784.25450.38682.40230.25771.83400.05410.6057
0.25 24953166530066302854.7095 6344.0156 110.43242.23820.58432.90430.68832.54780.34522.2382
0.50 311632231612798366.1781 3815.9717 200.01370.11840.00870.08830.00750.10280.00000.0000
0.75 513685243585867.2926 296.4331 200.00000.00000.00150.03060.01120.13710.00000.0000
1.00 270431146239135.2609 196.0620 200.00000.00000.00520.10370.00390.07710.00000.0000
−0.151/ 67426130.1693 0.6084 200.72807.82020.31152.70170.25123.42550.02840.5683
0.25 23417410619518762538.7673 6371.3604 150.92503.34290.29481.29020.22321.78550.04990.4354
0.50 411801436622393474.9373 3927.6216 200.01140.11930.00530.10580.00000.00000.00000.0000
0.75 661765595886487.4869 792.0327 200.00730.14580.00750.15090.00430.08670.00000.0000
1.00 8379321199585996.8626 1324.4172 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
−0.201/ 3126155540.7082 3.1980 200.19423.23960.42903.31460.31963.23960.16693.2396
0.25 933382772575949999.3219 8068.2031 150.05890.28220.06460.79140.08440.73310.02040.2057
0.50 384242227198950.8384 280.8486 200.00380.07600.01300.25960.01300.25960.00000.0000
0.75 570054405332070.1732 531.1990 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000
1.00 233727120281929.1574 132.6006 200.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.00000.0000

Note: “OF” denotes the number of instances in 20 sets of data that can be solved in less than 108 nodes by using the branch- and-bound method.