Energy-Efficient Network Transmission between Satellite Swarms and Earth Stations Based on Lyapunov Optimization Techniques

Algorithm 1

Online control algorithm.

(1) Workers-to-Messengers Traffic Distribution: At time slot , each solves for to maximize

(2) Messengers-to-Stations UDL Selection: At time slot , each chooses to minimize

(3) Queue Update: Update the queues and using (2) and (3).