Direct Numerical Simulation of Particle-Laden Swirling Flows on Turbulence Modulation

Figure 4

The azimuthal r.m.s velocity for St=0.5 at 𝑥/𝑑=3 (a) and 𝑚_𝑙=0.125 at 𝑥/𝑑=3 (b) and the turbulent kinetic energy 𝐸_𝑘 for 𝑚_𝑙=0.252 (c), respectively, at 𝑥/𝑑=3.

(a)

(b)

(c)