Direct Numerical Simulation of Particle-Laden Swirling Flows on Turbulence Modulation

Table 1

Parameters used in the numerical simulation.

Characteristic length 𝑑 (mm)	0.4
Scales of the flow domain	30𝑑×10𝑑×10𝑑
Grids number, 𝑁𝑥×𝑁𝑦×𝑁𝑧 (—)	384×128×128
Reynolds number, Re (—)	3000
Swirl number, 𝑆 (—)	1.42
Inflow fluid velocity, 𝑈0 (—)	1
Density of fluid, 𝜌𝑔 (kg/m^3)	1.29
Viscosity of fluid, 𝜇𝑔 (Pa·s)	1.85×10^−5
Density of particle, 𝜌𝑝 (kg/m^3)	2500
Time step, Δ𝑡 (—)	0.005
Simulation time, 𝑇𝑠 (—)	100