Optimal Control of Diesel Engines: Numerical Methods, Applications, and Experimental Validation

Figure 10

Comparison of the reference (the current ECU calibration), the optimal, and the causal control derived from the optimal solution. Results from a simulation of the model over a segment of test cycle 7 are shown. All three cases produce the same cumulative pollutant emissions. The optimal solution saves 2.21% fuel and the causal one 1.91%. Normalised signals are shown for reasons of confidentiality.