Optimal Control of Diesel Engines: Numerical Methods, Applications, and Experimental Validation

<table>Selection of the parameter values for the PI controller. The circle indicates the fuel-optimal pair, while the asterisk denotes the values that result in the closest possible approximation of the optimal control-input trajectory.</table>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Figure 9

Figure 9: Optimal Control of Diesel Engines: Numerical Methods, Applications, and Experimental Validation 