How to Choose “Last Mile” Delivery Modes for E-Fulfillment

Table 2

Time spent situation in standard scenario.

Items	Modes
	AHD	RB	CDPs
Total distance (km)	42.16	26.9	11.5
Number of orders	744	744	744
Stopping times	30	30	5
Number of vehicles	8	2	1
𝑡^road (min)	84.3	26.9	11.5
𝑡^𝑠 (min)	60	60	20
𝑡^service (min)	3720	744	148.8
Buffering time (min)	20	20	20
Total time (min)	3884	850	200.3
Average time per order (min)	5.22	1.15	0.27