How to Choose “Last Mile” Delivery Modes for E-Fulfillment

Table 3

Time spent situation with half orders compared with standard scenario.

Items	Modes
	AHD	RB	CDPs
Total distance (km)	42.16	26.9	11.5
Number of orders	372	372	372
Stopping times	30	30	5
Number of vehicles	8	2	1
𝑡^road (min)	84.3	26.9	11.5
𝑡^𝑠 (min)	60	60	20
𝑡^service (min)	1860	372	74.4
Buffering time (min)	20	20	20
Total time (min)	2024.3	478.9	125.9
Average time per order (min)	5.44	1.29	0.34