Computational Analysis of Propulsion Performance of Modified Pitching Motion Airfoils in Laminar Flow

Figure 8

Vorticity fields at the mean position of upstroke at 𝑅=𝑐 and 𝑘=3 for (a) 𝜃=5°, (b) 𝜃=10^∘, and (c) 𝜃=15°.

(a)

(b)

(c)