Location Prediction-Based Data Dissemination Using Swarm Intelligence in Opportunistic Cognitive Networks

Table 1

Comparison of characteristics between ACODAD and ACO.

Characteristics	ACODAD	ACO
Transmission process of data	Data dissemination based on the encounter of two nodes	Artificial ants move from one location to the neighbor one
Transition probability	The probability that the forwarding node encounters the destination node	The state transition probabilities that are from one location to the next
Pheromone	Intimacy between two nodes	Pheromone trail laying by ants
Path length	The interval of time slices that two nodes encounter	The distance between two locations
Pheromone evaporation	No contact between the two nodes during threshold time	As time goes by the pheromone evaporates