Research Article

An Improved VFF Approach for Robot Path Planning in Unknown and Dynamic Environments

Figure 6

The simulation results in the case of zero force: (a) the initial locations of robot, target, and obstacles, (b) navigated by the T-VFF based method, (c) navigated by the V-VFF based method, and (d) navigated by the P-VFF based method.
461237.fig.006a
(a)
461237.fig.006b
(b)
461237.fig.006c
(c)
461237.fig.006d
(d)