Wolf Pack Algorithm for Unconstrained Global Optimization

Table 4

Sensitivity analysis of distance measurements.

Function	Global extremum	𝐷	Distance	Best	Worst	Mean	StdDev	SR/%	Art/s
Rosenbrock	𝑓min(𝑥)=0	2	MD	9.21𝑒−11	3.24𝑒−8	1.12𝑒−8	1.18𝑒−8	100	10.5165
			ED	4.26𝑒−9	2.71𝑒−7	1.27𝑒−7	6.81𝑒−8	100	37.1053
Colville	𝑓min(𝑥)=0	4	MD	5.62𝑒−8	5.28𝑒−7	2.49𝑒−7	2.23𝑒−7	100	46.8619
			ED	1.74𝑒−7	1.70𝑒−6	5.74𝑒−7	3.70𝑒−7	90	68.3220
Sphere	𝑓min(𝑥)=0	200	MD	3.20𝑒−161	3.29𝑒−144	2.07𝑒−145	7.49𝑒−145	100	11.5494
			ED	1.76𝑒−160	3.36𝑒−143	1.68𝑒−144	7.51𝑒−144	100	11.6825
Sumsquares	𝑓min(𝑥)=0	150	MD	1.56𝑒−161	3.09𝑒−144	1.79𝑒−145	6.95𝑒−145	100	8.5565
			ED	3.97𝑒−160	2.24𝑒−144	1.13𝑒−145	5.00𝑒−145	100	8.7109
Booth	𝑓min(𝑥)=0	2	MD	5.63𝑒−12	1.15𝑒−10	4.19𝑒−11	3.32𝑒−11	100	11.1074
			ED	1.08𝑒−9	2.64𝑒−8	1.16𝑒−8	6.93𝑒−9	100	40.5546
Bridge	𝑓max(𝑥)=3.0054	2	MD	3.0054	3.0054	3.0054	4.56𝑒−16	100	1.1093
			ED	3.0054	3.0054	3.0054	4.56𝑒−16	100	1.9541
Ackley	𝑓min(𝑥)=0	50	MD	8.88𝑒−16	8.88𝑒−16	8.88𝑒−16	0	100	19.3648
			ED	8.88𝑒−16	8.88𝑒−16	8.88𝑒−16	0	100	43.6884
Griewank	𝑓min(𝑥)=0	100	MD	0	0.1507	3.01𝑒−3	0.0213	98	>8.77𝑒3
			ED	0	0.8350	0.0167	0.1181	92	>1.35𝑒+4