Wolf Pack Algorithm for Unconstrained Global Optimization

Table 6

Sensitivity analysis of distance determinant coefficient (𝐿_near).

Functions	Mean ± Std (SR/%) (the default of SR is 100%)
	0.04	0.06	0.08	0.10	0.12	0.14	0.16
Rosenbrock	4.4𝑒−8±6.5𝑒−8	2.3𝑒−8±3.7𝑒−8	3.4𝑒−9±4.8𝑒−9	3.0𝑒−8±2.9𝑒−8	1.9𝑒−8±2.4𝑒−8	2.4𝑒−8±4.7𝑒−8	2.9𝑒−8±5.3𝑒−8
Colville	2.0𝑒−7±9.9𝑒−8	2.6𝑒−7±1.6𝑒−7	3.5𝑒−7±2.6𝑒−7	2.3𝑒−7±1.5𝑒−7	1.2𝑒−7±3.4𝑒−8	2.8𝑒−7±1.9𝑒−7	1.4𝑒−7±6.9𝑒−8
Sphere	6.8𝑒−146±2.0𝑒−145	1.9𝑒−146±6.2𝑒−146	1.7𝑒−145±4.3𝑒−145	2.6𝑒−148±8.3𝑒−148	3.6𝑒−146±1.1𝑒−145	3.7𝑒−151±1.1𝑒−150	5.3𝑒−149±1.7𝑒−148
Sumsquares	1.1𝑒−147±3.4𝑒−147	1.0𝑒−146±3.3𝑒−146	3.7𝑒−151±8.9𝑒−151	6.2𝑒−146±1.9𝑒−145	6.2𝑒−152±1.9𝑒−151	1.22𝑒−145±2.9𝑒−145	1.3𝑒−148±4.0𝑒−148
Booth	2.6𝑒−11±1.3𝑒−11	2.9𝑒−11±1.9𝑒−11	2.4𝑒−11±1.6𝑒−11	3.1𝑒−11±1.8𝑒−011	2.4𝑒−11±1.3𝑒−11	3.1𝑒−11±2.1𝑒−11	1.0𝑒−10±1.3𝑒−10
Bridge	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16
Ackley	0.14±0.43 (90)	1.2𝑒−15±1.1𝑒−15	8.9𝑒−16±0	1.2𝑒−15±1.1𝑒−15	8.9𝑒−16±0	1.59𝑒−15±1.49𝑒−15	8.9𝑒−16±0
Griewank	0.08±0.26 (90)	1.0𝑒−3±0.02 (96)	0±0	0±0	0±0	0.10±0.33 (92)	0±0