Wolf Pack Algorithm for Unconstrained Global Optimization

Table 8

Sensitivity analysis of population renewing proportional coefficient (𝛽).

Functions	Mean ± Std (SR/%) (the default of SR is 100%)
	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Rosenbrock	1.0𝑒−8±9.2𝑒−9	8.7𝑒−9±7.6𝑒−9	1.2𝑒−8±1.0𝑒−8	8.6𝑒−9±8.3𝑒−9	1.4𝑒−8±1.3𝑒−8	9.9𝑒−9±9.8𝑒−9	1.1𝑒−8±1.2𝑒−9
Colville	3.2𝑒−8±.1.8𝑒−8	1.4𝑒−7±1.3𝑒−7	1.2𝑒−7±5.9𝑒−8	1.4𝑒−7±9.4𝑒−8	3.0𝑒−7±6.9𝑒−8	3.9𝑒−7±1.7𝑒−7	8.6𝑒−7±4.0𝑒−7 (80)
Sphere	1.9𝑒−166±0	5.2𝑒−158±1.6𝑒−157	2.9𝑒−153±9.2𝑒−153	4.3𝑒−149±1.3𝑒−148	7.9𝑒−139±2.5𝑒−138	8.3𝑒−134±1.8𝑒−133	3.4𝑒−126±8.0𝑒−126
Sumsquares	2.8𝑒−167±0	1.4𝑒−157±4.3𝑒−157	2.8𝑒−155±4.5𝑒−155	8.3𝑒−146±1.8𝑒−145	6.9𝑒−143±1.7𝑒−142	5.3𝑒−143±1.3𝑒−142	3.3𝑒−127±1.0𝑒−126
Booth	8.1𝑒−11±1.3𝑒−10	2.5𝑒−11±1.7𝑒−11	1.9𝑒−11±1.2𝑒−11	2.5𝑒−11±1.7𝑒−011	2.5𝑒−11±1.5𝑒−11	2.3𝑒−11±1.5𝑒−11	2.3𝑒−11±1.4𝑒−11
Bridge	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16	3.0054±4.7𝑒−16
Ackley	8.9𝑒−16±0	8.9𝑒−16±0	8.9𝑒−16±0	8.9𝑒−16±0	8.9𝑒−16±0	8.9𝑒−16±0	8.9𝑒−16±0
Griewank	0±0	0±0	0±0	0±0	0.19±0.41 (86)	0±0	1.2𝑒−3±0.31 (96)