A Novel Plant Root Foraging Algorithm for Image Segmentation Problems

Table 3

Comparison of results with 30 dimensions obtained by ARFO, ABC, PSO, GA, and DE.

Function		ARFO	ABC	PSO	GA	DE
𝑓1	Mean	3.85𝐸−13	𝟏.𝟎𝟏𝐄−𝟔𝟎𝟎	6.86𝐸−03	5.24𝐸−01	4.44𝐸+00
	Std	5.29𝐸−13	𝟒.𝟑𝟑𝐄−𝟔𝟎𝟎	5.37𝐸−03	1.86𝐸−01	3.89𝐸+00
	Min	6.70𝐸−14	𝟐.𝟑𝟏𝐄−𝟔𝟎𝟎	2.05𝐸−03	4.14𝐸−01	1.93𝐸+00
	Max	1.18𝐸−12	𝟏.𝟐𝟏𝐄−𝟓𝟎𝟎	1.54𝐸−02	6.73𝐸−01	1.09𝐸+01
𝑓2	Mean	𝟔.𝟓𝟒𝐄−𝟎𝟏	3.22𝐸+00	5.63𝐸+01	2.16𝐸+02	4.83𝐸+04
	Std	𝟏.𝟒𝟑𝐄+𝟎𝟎	3.06𝐸+00	5.54𝐸+01	1.15𝐸+02	5.40𝐸+04
	Min	𝟎	1.56𝐸−01	1.68𝐸+01	7.17𝐸+01	1.34𝐸+04
	Max	𝟑.𝟐𝟓𝐄+𝟎𝟎	7.51𝐸+00	1.46𝐸+02	3.91𝐸+02	1.38𝐸+05
𝑓3	Mean	𝟏.𝟗𝟒𝐄+𝟎𝟎	4.02𝐸+01	6.15𝐸+01	1.08𝐸+02	2.21𝐸+02
	Std	𝟏.𝟏𝟎𝐄+𝟎𝟎	1.06𝐸+01	2.72𝐸+01	3.09𝐸+02	9.41𝐸+01
	Min	𝟖.𝟏𝟗𝐄−𝟎𝟏	2.35𝐸+01	4.44𝐸+01	5.89𝐸+01	1.09𝐸+02
	Max	𝟑.𝟐𝟓𝐄+𝟎𝟎	5.04𝐸+01	1.10𝐸+02	1.34𝐸+02	3.63𝐸+02
𝑓4	Mean	𝟔.𝟖𝟖𝐄−𝟎𝟒	2.32𝐸+03	3.62𝐸+03	2.43𝐸+02	2.43𝐸+03
	Std	𝟓.𝟕𝟒𝐄−𝟎𝟒	2.24𝐸+02	1.82𝐸+02	1.78𝐸+02	4.91𝐸+02
	Min	𝟐.𝟏𝟓𝐄−𝟎𝟒	2.22𝐸+03	3.40𝐸+03	1.22𝐸+02	1.74𝐸+03
	Max	𝟏.𝟑𝟖𝐄−𝟎𝟑	2.48𝐸+03	3.92𝐸+03	3.51𝐸+02	2.95𝐸+03
𝑓5	Mean	𝟒.𝟓𝟏𝐄−𝟎𝟑	6.81𝐸−02	7.54𝐸−01	3.23𝐸+00	2.95𝐸+01
	Std	𝟒.𝟒𝟐𝐄−𝟎𝟑	5.96𝐸−02	2.33𝐸−01	6.27𝐸−02	2.19𝐸+01
	Min	𝟎	1.20𝐸−02	5.27𝐸−01	1.88𝐸+00	8.04𝐸+00
	Max	𝟏.𝟎𝟒𝐄−𝟎𝟐	1.72𝐸−01	9.86𝐸−01	3.76𝐸+00	4.89𝐸+01
𝑓6	Mean	6.80𝐸−14	𝟑.𝟐𝟗𝐄−𝟏𝟒	5.12𝐸+02	7.72𝐸+01	5.25𝐸+03
	Std	𝟐.𝟕𝟕𝐄−𝟏𝟒	2.84𝐸−14	6.36𝐸+02	3.21𝐸+01	3.24𝐸+03
	Min	4.85𝐸−14	𝟏.𝟒𝟗𝐄−𝟏𝟒	1.95𝐸+02	6.40𝐸+01	8.39𝐸+02
	Max	1.01𝐸−13	𝟓.𝟏𝟎𝐄−𝟏𝟒	1.27𝐸+03	1.20𝐸+02	1.23𝐸+04
𝑓7	Mean	𝟏.𝟑𝟐𝐄+𝟎𝟎	6.88𝐸+00	5.71𝐸+06	1.99𝐸+03	2.30𝐸+09
	Std	𝟏.𝟖𝟑𝐄+𝟎𝟎	3.47𝐸+00	1.88𝐸+07	5.89𝐸+03	2.50𝐸+09
	Min	𝟒.𝟖𝟓𝐄−𝟎𝟒	3.93𝐸+00	3.82𝐸+02	3.15𝐸+03	2.60𝐸+08
	Max	𝟑.𝟑𝟖𝐄+𝟎𝟎	1.21𝐸+01	3.13𝐸+07	3.05𝐸+03	3.60𝐸+09
𝑓8	Mean	1.76𝐸+02	7.36𝐸+02	𝟏.𝟓𝟖𝐄+𝟎𝟐	1.71𝐸+04	1.20𝐸+04
	Std	3.31𝐸+02	4.74𝐸+02	𝟒.𝟓𝟒𝐄+𝟎𝟏	3.96𝐸+03	3.61𝐸+04
	Min	𝟏.𝟕𝟔𝐄+𝟎𝟏	5.29𝐸+02	1.39𝐸+02	1.11𝐸+04	8.71𝐸+03
	Max	3.39𝐸+02	1.03𝐸+03	𝟏.𝟖𝟒𝐄+𝟎𝟐	1.69𝐸+04	1.46𝐸+04
𝑓9	Mean	𝟏.𝟒𝟒𝐄+𝟎𝟑	1.70𝐸+03	4.26𝐸+03	2.06𝐸+03	1.75𝐸+03
	Std	6.29𝐸−01	𝟔.𝟎𝟕𝐄−𝟏𝟑	4.25𝐸+02	3.14𝐸+02	4.97𝐸+01
	Min	𝟏.𝟒𝟏𝐄+𝟎𝟑	1.64𝐸+03	4.01𝐸+03	1.97𝐸+03	1.64𝐸+03
	Max	𝟏.𝟒𝟖𝐄+𝟎𝟑	1.77𝐸+03	4.52𝐸+03	2.16𝐸+03	1.81𝐸+03
𝑓10	Mean	𝟔.𝟏𝟐𝐄+𝟎𝟎	4.79𝐸+01	2.83𝐸+02	5.41𝐸+01	1.64𝐸+02
	Std	𝟓.𝟖𝟏𝐄−𝟎𝟏	1.44𝐸+01	5.34𝐸+01	4.70𝐸+00	2.92𝐸+01
	Min	𝟑.𝟖𝟎𝐄+𝟎𝟎	3.15𝐸+01	7.08𝐸+01	5.09𝐸+01	1.48𝐸+02
	Max	𝟕.𝟏𝟒𝐄+𝟎𝟎	5.81𝐸+01	3.76𝐸+02	6.17𝐸+01	1.79𝐸+02