Pattern Synthesis of Planar Nonuniform Circular Antenna Arrays Using a Chaotic Adaptive Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm

Table 2

Simulation results on benchmark functions.

Benchmark function	Algorithm	Fitness of best run	Fitness of worst run	Average value	Standard deviation
Sphere function	IWO	2.6𝐸−05	7.11𝐸−05	3.97𝐸−05	5𝐸−6
	MIWO	7.93𝐸−06	2.44𝐸−05	1.40𝐸−05	2.00𝐸−06
	CAIWO	1.65𝐸−10	1.93𝐸−09	7.14𝐸−10	1.62𝐸−10
Rastrigin function	IWO	0.044136	0.994962	0.797145	0.154781
	MIWO	0.095132	1.241246	0.872624	0.139673
	CAIWO	1.78𝐸−06	1.34𝐸−05	8.12𝐸−5	1.87𝐸−6
Ackley function	IWO	0.083654	0.099234	0.087016	0.001684
	MIWO	0.085449	0.256521	0.854496	0.256521
	CAIWO	1.88𝐸−05	9.51𝐸−05	6.5𝐸−05	3.12𝐸−6
Griewank function	IWO	0.049237	0.150065	1.02𝐸−01	1.01𝐸−02
	MIWO	0.024603	0.113173	8.93𝐸−02	2.22𝐸−02
	CAIWO	1.18𝐸−10	9.74𝐸−10	6.57𝐸−10	4.74𝐸−12