A Plant Propagation Algorithm for Constrained Engineering Optimisation Problems

Table 2

Welded beam design optimisation.

Solution vector	GA [28]	HSA [29]	HSA [30]	HHSA [31]	BDA [32]	PHS [27]	IPHS [27]	PPA
𝑤	0.2088	0.2442	0.2057	0.2057	0.2057	0.2057	0.2057	0.2057
𝐿	3.4205	6.2231	3.4704	3.4706	3.4704	3.4704	3.4704	3.4704
𝑑	8.9975	8.2915	9.0366	9.0368	9.0366	9.0366	9.0366	9.0366
ℎ	0.2100	0.2443	0.2057	0.2057	0.2057	0.2057	0.2057	0.2057
𝑔1(𝑥)	−0.3378	*^a	*	*	0.0	0.0	0.0	−1.2733𝐸−11
𝑔2(𝑥)	−353.9026	*	*	*	0.0	0.0	0.0	−3.2378𝐸−11
𝑔3(𝑥)	−0.0012	*	*	*	−5.5511𝐸−17	−5.5511𝐸−17	−5.55𝐸−17	−1.64𝐸−13
𝑔4(𝑥)	−3.4118	*	*	*	−3.4329	−3.4329	−3.4329	−3.4329
𝑔5(𝑥)	−0.0838	*	*	*	−0.0807	−0.0807	−0.0807	−0.0807
𝑔6(𝑥)	−0.2356	*	*	*	−0.2355	−0.2355	−0.2355	−0.2355
𝑔7(𝑥)	−363.2323	*	*	*	−9.0949𝐸−13	−9.0949𝐸−13	−9.09𝐸−13	−6.2755𝐸−11
𝑓(𝑥)	1.7483	2.38	1.7248	1.7248	1.7248	1.7248	1.7248	1.7248

aNot available.