Sensorless Stator Field-Oriented Controlled IM Drive at Low Speed with <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-4.50008pt;width:21.799999px;" id="M1" height="20.262501" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 21.799999 20.262501" width="21.799999">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,.062,14.638)"><path id="x1D445" d="M627 18l-10 -26q-79 6 -116 27t-69 76q-41 71 -71 138q-13 29 -27.5 39t-42.5 10h-46l-27 -145q-13 -74 -2.5 -88.5t78.5 -20.5l-6 -28h-271l5 28q66 6 82.5 21.5t30.5 87.5l71 387q12 66 2 78.5t-77 19.5l8 28h233q102 0 147 -29q65 -43 65 -129q0 -69 -45.5 -117
t-115.5 -72q40 -86 66 -133q39 -68 65 -101q28 -37 73 -51zM491 483q0 67 -33.5 101t-91.5 34q-35 0 -51 -10q-13 -8 -20 -48l-45 -245h49q71 0 113 28q79 52 79 140z"></path></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,14.5,20.012)"><path id="x1D45F" d="M393 379q-9 -16 -28 -29q-15 -10 -23 -2q-19 19 -36 19q-21 0 -52 -38q-57 -72 -82 -126l-40 -197q-23 -3 -75 -18l-7 7q49 196 74 335q7 43 -2 43q-7 0 -30 -14.5t-47 -37.5l-16 23q37 42 82 73t67 31q41 0 15 -113l-11 -50h4q41 71 85 117t77 46q29 0 45 -26
q13 -21 0 -43z"></path></g>

		
	
</svg> Estimator

<table>Loading simulation and Practical data of the induction motor at 1800 rpm. (a) Actual motor speed. (b) Estimated motor speed. (c) Stator flux. (d) Estimated torque.</table>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

fig13

Figure 13

Figure 13: Sensorless Stator Field-Oriented Controlled IM Drive at Low Speed with <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-4.50008pt;width:21.799999px;" id="M1" height="20.262501" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 21.799999 20.262501" width="21.799999">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,.062,14.638)"><path id="x1D445" d="M627 18l-10 -26q-79 6 -116 27t-69 76q-41 71 -71 138q-13 29 -27.5 39t-42.5 10h-46l-27 -145q-13 -74 -2.5 -88.5t78.5 -20.5l-6 -28h-271l5 28q66 6 82.5 21.5t30.5 87.5l71 387q12 66 2 78.5t-77 19.5l8 28h233q102 0 147 -29q65 -43 65 -129q0 -69 -45.5 -117
t-115.5 -72q40 -86 66 -133q39 -68 65 -101q28 -37 73 -51zM491 483q0 67 -33.5 101t-91.5 34q-35 0 -51 -10q-13 -8 -20 -48l-45 -245h49q71 0 113 28q79 52 79 140z"></path></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,14.5,20.012)"><path id="x1D45F" d="M393 379q-9 -16 -28 -29q-15 -10 -23 -2q-19 19 -36 19q-21 0 -52 -38q-57 -72 -82 -126l-40 -197q-23 -3 -75 -18l-7 7q49 196 74 335q7 43 -2 43q-7 0 -30 -14.5t-47 -37.5l-16 23q37 42 82 73t67 31q41 0 15 -113l-11 -50h4q41 71 85 117t77 46q29 0 45 -26
q13 -21 0 -43z"></path></g>

		
	
</svg> Estimator 

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Sensorless Stator Field-Oriented Controlled IM Drive at Low Speed with Estimator

Figure 13