A Novel Adaptive Elite-Based Particle Swarm Optimization Applied to VAR Optimization in Electric Power Systems

Table 1

Performance of different methods used to minimize 𝑓₁ based on 10 simulation results (convergence tolerance = 0.001).

		Proposed method	PSO	CPSO	DE	GA
Shortest time	𝑓1	7.74𝑒−4	9.16𝑒−4	8.93𝑒−4	7.16𝑒−4	—
	Iterations	203	218	203	294	—
	Time (s)	0.0343	0.0129	0.0146	0.1854	—
Mean	𝑓1	8.80𝑒−4	9.40𝑒−4	9.06𝑒−4	8.95𝑒−4	—
	Iterations	250.1	239.9	241	267.8	—
	Time (s)	0.0391	0.0141	0.0168	0.1935	—
Longest time	𝑓1	8.68𝑒−4	9.76𝑒−4	9.72𝑒−4	9.87𝑒−4	—
	Iterations	302	263	208	247	—
	Time (s)	0.0439	0.0149	0.0245	0.2062	—