Addressing the Safety of Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems: Development and Validation of a Verbal Warning Utility Scale for Intelligent Transportation Systems
Table 1
Mean score of each factor and frequency of the three kinds of relationships between each factor and the warning utility ().
Items
Representation of Event Urgency
Time to Display
Number of Replications
Distinctive Features
Warning modality
Equivalent
59
63
25
45
38
Related
38
33
57
46
40
Unrelated
7
8
22
13
26
25.62
34.74
4.04
4.62
0.48
Items
Loudness
Length of the Warning
Voice Type
Voice Quality
Rate of speaking
Equivalent
43
37
14
34
38
Related
53
50
37
51
57
Unrelated
8
17
53
19
9
3.01
0.24
18.48
0.02
0.48
Items
Alertness
Loss of Vigilance
Accuracy of Understanding
Familiarity
Annoyance
Equivalent
62
31
52
24
21
Related
31
61
41
64
48
Unrelated
11
12
11
16
35
32.33
0.58
13.00
4.92
8.08
Items
Likeness
Comfort
Trust
Workload
Forgetting
Equivalent
19
23
41
25
32
Related
40
50
44
43
39
Unrelated
45
31
19
36
33
10.62
5.59
1.74
4.04
0.31
Note: , . The value of .017 was applied with Bonferroni correction for value of .05.
