Lithium-Ion Battery Cell-Balancing Algorithm for Battery Management System Based on Real-Time Outlier Detection

Table 2

Performance comparisons of 3 algorithms under CCCD condition.

Evaluation standard	Balancing algorithm
	No balancing	Voltage-based balancing	SOC-based balancing	Outlier detection balancing
Testing time (S)	—	37171	29048	23037
Balancing time (S)	—	17681	17783	17775
Usable capacity decrease (AH)	—	0.584	0.584	0.584
Frequency of switch on and off	—	352	2	2
Charging cut-off
Total voltage (V)	161.214	163.017	162.939	165.738
Voltage range (V)	0.160	0.058	0.059	0.055
Voltage variance	0.025	0.009	0.009	0.008
Discharging cut-off
Total voltage (V)	149.994	149.965	154.481	149.965
Voltage range (V)	0.034	0.005	0.005	0.001
Voltage variance	0.005	0.001	0.001	0
Charging time (S)	2091	2413	2413	2413
SOC range of cells (%)	10%	1.030%	1.025%	0.999%
SOC variance of cells	1.581	0.162	0.162	0.158