Lithium-Ion Battery Cell-Balancing Algorithm for Battery Management System Based on Real-Time Outlier Detection

Table 3

Performance comparisons of 3 algorithms under 4 ECE + EUDC condition.

Evaluation standard	Balancing algorithm
	No balance	Voltage-based balancing	SOC-based balancing	Outlier detection balancing
Testing time (S)	—	57264	39074	22052
Balancing time (S)	—	16666	15795	15752
Usable capacity decrease (AH)	—	0.584	0.584	0.584
Frequency of switch on and off	—	1150	2	2
Charging cut-off
Total voltage (V)	161.214	164.738	164.963	165.738
Voltage range (V)	0.174	0.058	0.003	0.003
Voltage variance	0.028	0.009	0.004	0
Discharging cut-off
Total voltage (V)	149.994	149.965	150.882	149.965
Voltage range (V)	0.034	0.005	0.002	0.002
Voltage variance	0.005	0.003	0	0
SOC range of cells (%)	10%	1.030%	1.025%	0.999%
SOC variance of cells	1.581	0.162	0.162	0.157