Accurate, Efficient, and Robust Q4-Like Membrane Elements Formulated in Cartesian Coordinates Using the Quasi-Conforming Element Technique

Table 4

Element performance under 1 × 5 irregular mesh for a cantilevered beam.

Element symbol	Formation of	Patch test	Load 1		Load 2
			Q4	Numer. Integr.	Pass	45.7	−1761	50.7	−2448
Q6	Numer. Integr.	Fail	98.4	−2428	100.4	−3354
QM6	Numer. Integr.	Pass	96.1	−2497	98.0	−3235
QC6	Numer. Integr.	Pass	96.1	−2439	98.1	−3339
PS	Numer. Integr.	Pass	96.2	−3014	98.19	−4137
QR4b^1	Numer. Integr.	Pass	100.4	−3026.0	101.5	−3798.4
QA4^1	Numer. Integr.	Pass	97.4	−2981.6	98.9	−4077.8
07β^1	Explicit	Pass	100.1	−2997	102.2	−4131
RQ4	Explicit	Pass	—	—	84.0	−3746
AQCE4	Explicit	Pass	—	—	97.2	−4119
B-Q4E	Numer. Integr.	n.a.	96.5	−3004	98.3	−3906
QACII6	Numer. Integr.	Fail	100	−3000	102.7	−4180
AGQ6-I	Numer. Integr	Fail	100.0	−3000	102.0	−4151
AGQ6M	Numer. Integr	Pass	96.0	−3015	97.9	−4135
QCQ4-1	Explicit	Pass	89.3	−2979	93.1	−4178
QCQ4-2	Explicit	Pass	94.6	−2958	99.1	−4123
Analytical	—	—	100.0	−3000	102.6	−4050
ANSYS-Q8	2 × 10 mesh	—	101.4	−3000.0	102.9	−4056.0

With drilling degrees of freedom.