An Improved Genetic Algorithm with Initial Population Strategy for Symmetric TSP

Table 1

Results of different strategies with the same iterations.

Method	RIP			GIP			KIP
Examples	Best err. (%)	Ave. err. (%)	Ave. time (s)	Best err. (%)	Ave. err. (%)	Ave. time (s)	Best err. (%)	Ave. err. (%)	Ave. time (s)
berlin52	0.0000	5.1418	16.9338	0.0000	1.9531	18.2832	0.0000	3.0120	16.3208
kroA100	2.3761	4.8328	20.3049	0.2787	4.0082	22.5599	0.1035	2.5505	20.3318
pr144	1.3889	4.7425	23.4091	3.1847	6.0775	26.6297	2.0176	3.5041	26.5335
ch150	5.6974	9.5032	23.8436	4.1780	5.9298	27.4067	5.1038	6.7850	25.4257
kroB150	2.9646	6.4505	23.8947	6.3054	8.2309	27.4617	3.3544	5.8072	25.5628
pr152	1.4383	4.4424	24.1544	3.1397	4.2628	27.4174	2.5998	3.5800	26.4204
rat195	6.7733	9.2618	27.2911	7.8855	11.2154	30.5484	8.7133	11.3242	30.0717
d198	3.9011	6.8199	27.5327	5.1889	6.3098	32.1868	2.8149	4.5911	32.5780
kroA200	10.4079	13.3538	27.8636	11.1678	12.2504	32.4812	5.3725	8.8791	31.8691
ts225	16.0522	17.9204	29.5267	14.6896	15.499	33.6234	10.3008	14.5409	34.1776
pr226	5.2754	9.1196	29.7816	8.6261	12.9046	35.4601	4.9741	6.1991	36.3008
pr299	20.1269	24.5098	35.0112	29.1241	30.3129	42.5489	14.6584	17.0753	44.6964
lin318	30.1053	34.0994	36.2227	24.9692	31.5281	45.8366	15.0669	17.2412	47.2462
pcb442	54.7724	58.4570	45.8070	44.7984	49.0039	57.0011	22.5887	24.0461	62.8187
Average	11.5200	14.9039	27.9698	11.6812	14.2490	32.8175	6.9763	9.2240	32.8824