Fractional Dynamics in Calcium Oscillation Model

<div>Spikes change in Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration for different <svg height="12.4698pt" id="M114" style="vertical-align:-3.18147pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 15.9926 12.4698" width="15.9926pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M480 416C480 431 465 448 438 448C388 448 312 383 252 330C217 299 188 273 155 237H153L257 680C262 700 263 712 253 712C240 712 183 684 97 674L92 648L126 647C166 646 172 645 163 606L23 -6L29 -12C51 -5 77 2 107 8C115 62 130 128 142 180C153 193 179 220 204 241C231 170 259 106 288 54C317 0 336 -12 358 -12C381 -12 423 2 477 80L460 100C434 74 408 54 398 54C385 54 374 65 351 107C326 154 282 241 263 299C296 332 351 377 403 377C424 377 436 372 445 368C449 366 456 368 462 375C472 386 480 402 480 416Z" id="g113-108"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="503" vert-adv-y="503"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.474,3.132)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 37 291 46 291 118V635C234 612 176 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 551 207 548 207 497V118C207 46 201 37 110 32V0H389Z" id="g58-47"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="487" vert-adv-y="487"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.906,3.132)"><path d="M462 177V227H365V632H320C216 495 117 351 21 208V177H284V109C284 42 281 39 190 31V0H451V31C369 39 365 42 365 108V177H462ZM284 227H88C156 336 218 430 282 519H284V227Z" id="g58-50"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="487" vert-adv-y="487"></glyph.data></g></svg> and bifurcation diagram of Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration and <svg height="12.584pt" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-3.29567pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 11.5443 12.584" width="11.5443pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M480 416C480 431 465 448 438 448C388 448 312 383 252 330C217 299 188 273 155 237H153L257 680C262 700 263 712 253 712C240 712 183 684 97 674L92 648L126 647C166 646 172 645 163 606L23 -6L29 -12C51 -5 77 2 107 8C115 62 130 128 142 180C153 193 179 220 204 241C231 170 259 106 288 54C317 0 336 -12 358 -12C381 -12 423 2 477 80L460 100C434 74 408 54 398 54C385 54 374 65 351 107C326 154 282 241 263 299C296 332 351 377 403 377C424 377 436 372 445 368C449 366 456 368 462 375C472 386 480 402 480 416Z" id="g113-108"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="503" vert-adv-y="503"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.474,3.132)"><path d="M141 347C170 480 264 541 327 570C364 587 403 598 436 605L429 641C389 634 339 622 300 609C192 569 37 458 37 239C37 86 126 -12 245 -12C367 -12 454 89 454 210C454 314 379 397 272 397C252 397 231 391 208 380L141 347ZM231 338C323 338 366 257 366 174C366 107 339 27 263 27C180 27 129 123 129 244C129 268 130 291 135 310C158 323 192 338 231 338Z" id="g58-52"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="487" vert-adv-y="487"></glyph.data></g></svg>.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Fractional Dynamics in Calcium Oscillation Model

Figure 8