Joint Feature and Model Selection for SVM Fault Diagnosis in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems

Table 1

Residuals used for the FDI procedure with the related measurement difficulty.

Number	Residual	Measurement difficulty
1	Generated electric power	Easy
2	Air flow rate entering the stack	Easy
3	Fuel flow rate entering the stack	Easy
4	Air pressure loss between the inlet and outlet of the FC stack	Easy
5	Temperature at the burner outlet	Easy
6	Average stack temperature	Difficult
7	Anodic activation losses	Extremely difficult
8	Cathodic activation losses	Extremely difficult
9	Ohmic losses	Extremely difficult
10	Nernst voltage	Extremely difficult