Robustness of Hierarchical Laminated Shell Element Based on Equivalent Single-Layer Theory

Table 1

Comparison of normalized maximum deflection with respect to element distortion ratio.

(%)		0	10	20	30	40
-FEM	SHELL181 ()	0.617	0.363	0.158	0.026	0.052
	SHELL181 ()	0.880	0.807	0.278	0.194	0.030
	SHELL281 ()	0.975	0.937	0.855	0.740	0.616
	SHELL281 ()	0.996	0.975	0.908	0.792	0.646
p-FEM	SHELL150 ()	1.161	1.159	1.150	1.120	1.055
	SHELL150 ()	1.168	1.167	1.166	1.163	1.159
	Present )	0.979	0.979	0.974	0.954	0.909
	Present ()	0.988	0.988	0.987	0.985	0.980