Three-Phase Methodology Incorporating Scatter Search for Integrated Production, Inventory, and Distribution Routing Problem

Table 5

Average total costs obtained by different heuristics.

	GRASP^1	MA-MP^2	RTS^3	TSPR^4	ALNS^5	SS	SS-GRASP	SS-MA-MP	SS-RTS	SS-TSPR	SS-ALNS
B1	443,264	393,263	393,662	361,704	346,878	387360	−14.43	−1.52	4.573	6.62	10.45
B2	791,839	714,627	712,294	685,898	636,962	716643	−10.49	0.28	0.61	4.29	11.12
B3	1070,026	1001,026	1034,923	951,638	876,761	1006302	−6.33	0.464	−2.84	5.43	12.87

Boudia et al. [4].
²Boudia and Prins [5].
³Bard and Nananukul [2].
⁴Armentano et al. [8].
⁵Adulyasak et al. [10, 11].