Identifying Critical Loads of Frame Structures with Equilibrium Equations in Rate Form

Table 1

The comparison between the first Euler buckling load and the critical loads obtained from presented method.

	Euler buckling load	The number of elements along its axial direction
		2	4	8	16
Critical load (kN)	139.953	147.316	141.791	140.434	140.096
Relative error (%)	—	5.26	1.31	0.34	0.10