Four-Node Generalized Conforming Membrane Elements with Drilling DOFs Using Quadrilateral Area Coordinate Methods

Table 2

List of element models for comparison.

Number		Element model	Reference
1	Q4	4-node isoparametric element
2	Q6	4-node isoparametric element with internal parameters	Wilson et al. [55]
3	QM6	4-node isoparametric element with internal parameters	Taylor et al. [56]
4	P-S	Hybrid stress element	Pian and Sumihara [57]
5	QUAD4	4-node element in MSC/NASTRAN	MacNeal and Harder [32]
6	Q4S	Membrane element with drilling DOFs	MacNeal and Harder [8]
7	GQ12	Membrane element with drilling DOFs	Long and Xu [23]
8	GQ12M8	Membrane element with drilling DOFs	Long and Xu [23]
10	D-type	Membrane element with drilling DOFs	Ibrahimbegovic et al. [11]
11	Groenwold1995	Membrane element with drilling DOFs	Groenwold and Stander [58]
12	AQR8	Membrane element with drilling DOFs	Aminpour [59]
13	RGD20	Refined hybrid element	Chen and Cheung [60]
14	Q8	8-node isoparametric element