Online Energy Management of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles for Prolongation of All-Electric Range Based on Dynamic Programming

Figure 7

Optimization results of DP algorithm from two driving conditions. (a) Engine power in HWFET. (b) Battery power in HWFET. (c) Engine power in IM240. (d) Battery power in IM240.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)