Research Article
Improved Emotion Recognition Using Gaussian Mixture Model and Extreme Learning Machine in Speech and Glottal Signals
Table 3
Average emotion recognition rates for BES database.
| Different order “db” wavelets | Speaker dependent | Raw features | Enhanced features | SET1 | SET2 | SET3 | SET4 |
| ELM kernel | db3 | 69.99 | 98.24 | 98.52 | 98.15 | 97.50 | 98.15 | db6 | 68.55 | 95.65 | 96.39 | 97.31 | 96.67 | 97.13 | db10 | 68.77 | 98.52 | 97.78 | 97.69 | 96.85 | 96.39 | db44 | 67.43 | 98.70 | 98.43 | 98.98 | 98.89 | 98.61 |
| kNN | db3 | 59.14 | 95.19 | 96.57 | 96.11 | 95.83 | 96.30 | db6 | 58.68 | 89.72 | 87.31 | 91.30 | 90.65 | 91.67 | db10 | 57.93 | 97.04 | 96.57 | 96.57 | 95.46 | 95.28 | db44 | 57.63 | 95.46 | 95.56 | 95.56 | 95.00 | 96.11 |
| Speaker independent |
| ELM kernel | db3 | 56.61 | 96.04 | 97.07 | 97.24 | 96.40 | 96.40 | db6 | 54.70 | 92.26 | 91.26 | 91.83 | 91.62 | 91.48 | db10 | 52.08 | 92.12 | 94.13 | 93.37 | 93.00 | 92.93 | db44 | 53.60 | 93.04 | 93.13 | 94.10 | 93.67 | 94.33 |
| kNN | db3 | 49.12 | 91.75 | 93.32 | 92.01 | 92.79 | 93.90 | db6 | 48.21 | 81.93 | 82.22 | 81.43 | 82.18 | 82.77 | db10 | 45.17 | 90.64 | 89.81 | 89.46 | 90.23 | 90.15 | db44 | 46.87 | 91.69 | 90.15 | 90.57 | 90.35 | 91.99 |
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