Research Article
Improved Emotion Recognition Using Gaussian Mixture Model and Extreme Learning Machine in Speech and Glottal Signals
Table 5
Average emotion recognition rates for SES database.
| Different order “db” wavelets | Speaker dependent | Raw features | Enhanced features | SET1 | SET2 | SET3 | SET4 |
| ELM kernel | db3 | 41.93 | 89.92 | 90.38 | 89.00 | 88.46 | 86.21 | db6 | 42.14 | 92.79 | 91.21 | 92.04 | 90.63 | 91.21 | db10 | 40.90 | 88.83 | 89.96 | 90.04 | 88.58 | 88.67 | db44 | 42.38 | 90.00 | 89.79 | 88.83 | 84.67 | 82.13 |
| kNN | db3 | 31.15 | 77.79 | 79.50 | 78.00 | 78.42 | 76.88 | db6 | 32.80 | 81.79 | 82.17 | 82.96 | 81.46 | 81.63 | db10 | 31.23 | 78.63 | 79.38 | 80.08 | 79.79 | 81.08 | db44 | 32.08 | 78.79 | 79.38 | 78.25 | 74.63 | 73.71 |
| Speaker independent |
| ELM kernel | db3 | 27.25 | 78.75 | 79.17 | 78.25 | 78.50 | 77.50 | db6 | 26.00 | 83.67 | 83.75 | 84.58 | 83.58 | 83.42 | db10 | 27.08 | 79.42 | 80.42 | 80.25 | 80.33 | 79.92 | db44 | 26.00 | 80.50 | 80.92 | 78.67 | 76.33 | 74.92 |
| kNN | db3 | 25.92 | 69.33 | 69.67 | 67.92 | 68.17 | 66.83 | db6 | 25.50 | 71.92 | 73.67 | 74.00 | 72.17 | 73.50 | db10 | 26.33 | 70.00 | 71.00 | 71.08 | 71.17 | 70.92 | db44 | 24.67 | 67.58 | 69.50 | 68.08 | 66.08 | 67.83 |
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