Computational Framework for Optimal Carbon Taxes Based on Electric Supply Chain Considering Transmission Constraints and Losses

Table 1

Numerical solutions for different types of carbon taxes for 3-bus system with and without transmission constraints.

	Decentralized carbon taxes		Centralized carbon tax with a fixed upper bound
	Transmission constrained; Case  1	Transmission unconstrained; Case  2
	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
	30.00	30.00	21.65	19.98
	30.00	30.00	23.35	25.02
	30.00	30.00	45.00	45.00
	−13.02	−12.40	−15.00	−20.66
	10.00	18.68	10.00	16.94
	9.51	13.92	10.15	15.66
	42.97	33.58	36.59	33.56
	37.47	33.68	43.20	33.70
	19.51	32.61	20.15	32.59
			10.00	10.00
	30.00	30.00	21.65	19.98
	30.00	30.00	23.35	25.02
	30.00	30.00	45.00	45.00
			100	100
	96.98	118.87
	5.98	27.87
	49.30	58.13
	108.28	117.13
			62.56	78.00