Hybrid Biogeography Based Optimization for Constrained Numerical and Engineering Optimization

Table 5

Statistic results for welded beam design obtained by HBBO and other six state-of-the-art methods.

Method	Best	Mean	Worst	FFEs
HBBO	1.7248523	1.7248523	1.7248523	25,050
PSO-DE	1.7248531	1.7248579	1.7248811	33,000
CDE	1.733461	1.768158	1.824105	240,000
CPSO	1.728024	1.748831	1.782143	200,000
()-ES	1.724852	1.777692	NA	30,000
UPSO	1.92199	2.83721	NA	100,000
ABC	1.724852	1.741913	NA	30,000