Research Article

Two-Dimensional Extreme Learning Machine

Table 2

Training time and testing time (in seconds) for ELM and 2DELM, average values on fifty trails.

Dataset Training time Testing time
ELM 2DELM ELM 2DELM

Yale_32 × 32 0.19090.1919 0.0009 0.0022
Yale_64 × 64 0.0655 0.0568 0.0053 0.0003
ORL_32 × 32 0.1438 0.13040.0069 0.0075
ORL_64 × 64 0.1460 0.1685 0.0069 0.0081
UMist 0.1987 0.2290 0.0078 0.0031
GTface 0.6146 0.60430.0197 0.0122
PIE 6.5056 6.5642 0.1532 0.1554
Letter 11.1809 11.0386 0.1872 0.1822
Shuttle 29.7740 28.0178 0.4824 0.4671
USPS 6.1127 6.1936 0.0699 0.0736
MNIST 42.2897 42.28750.3716 0.3719