Improved Genetic Algorithm with Two-Level Approximation Method for Laminate Stacking Sequence Optimization by Considering Engineering Requirements

Table 1

Material properties.

Property	Value
	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Young’s modulus,	128 Gpa	138 Gpa	127.59 Gpa	135 Gpa	160 Gpa
Young’s modulus,	13 Gpa	11 Gpa	13.03 Gpa	9.12 Gpa	9.0 Gpa
Shear modulus,	6.4 Gpa	6.5 Gpa	6.41 Gpa	5.67 Gpa	4.8 Gpa
Poisson’s ratio,	0.3	0.28	0.3	0.31	0.36
Ply thickness,	0.127 mm	0.125 mm	0.127 mm	0.12 mm	0.08 mm
Density,	1600 kg/m^3	1600 kg/m^3	1577.8 kg/m^3	1600 kg/m^3	1600 kg/m^3