Research Article
Collapsed Shape of Shallow Unlined Tunnels Based on Functional Catastrophe Theory
Figure 1
Some examples of daylight collapse induced by shallow tunneling.
(a) Munich in Germany, 1994 |
(b) Taegu in South Korea, 2004 |
(c) Lausanne in Switzerland, 2005 |
(d) Chengdu in China, 2007 |