Recent Developments in Multiscale and Multiphase Modelling of the Hydraulic Fracturing Process

Figure 4

(a) Schematic of the virtual limestone model with the use of the DEM approach, (b) application of the fluid cell grid around a slice of the sample, and (c) fluid velocity vectors indicating the horizontal fluid movement from the outside surface towards the hollow core [43].

(a)

(b)

(c)